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These findings provide insights on the attributes of adaptive thermal comfort, which may facilitate design in hybrid ventilation that balances between energy-saving and thermal comfort, particularly in areas of similar weather to that of Taiwan.
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Linear regression of thermal sensation vote against top indicated a greater thermal sensitivity in the user management group to the shift of top. The cumulative hours of AC operation in central management was three folds of the level recorded in user management. When the AC was in use, the mean operative temperature (top) in the classroom regulated under central management was 2.9☌ less than the value observed in user management. As shown in the results, the AC usage was significantly affected by the managerial scheme selected for AC control. A field survey was conducted in two high schools in central Taiwan, one adopting a centralized management for control of AC use and the other employing a user-controlled approach, to investigate the influence of AC management scheme on thermal perception as well as the behaviours of AC usage. Hybrid ventilation employing both natural ventilation and air-conditioning (AC) is used in Taiwanese schools as a mechanism to maintain indoor environmental quality. 20 in England, by Haase and Amato 21 in Hong Kong, and by Ji et al. 17 Studies of similar aims were also pursued by Utzinger 18 in the US, by Franks et al. A few examples include: the study on energy saving by hybrid ventilation in office buildings in the arid climate conducted by Ezzeldin et al., 15 the evaluation of hybrid ventilation performance in France by Cron and Inard,16 and the comparison of effectiveness of natural, mechanical, and hybrid ventilation in Greece by Niachou et al. A parallel emphasis was to analyse the potential of hybrid ventilation on energy saving in balance with thermal comfort when applied in different countries or areas of distinct climatic patterns. As the indoor thermal comfort in relation to energy expenditure in hybrid-ventilated buildings became a prominent area of research interests, a focal point had emerged on developing models that described the patterns of using environmental control mechanisms, including windows, fans and AC, by the occupants of hybrid-ventilated buildings as a strategy of thermal adaptation. We compare the observations from the NV zone to three adaptive charts to evaluate whether comfort in the NV zone in a MM building can be modelled as a purely NV building. We analyse the results examining the physical conditions and thermal comfort responses in both the zones, and adaptive actions exercised in the NV zone.
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Simultaneous physical measurements of air and radiant temperature, relative humidity and air speeds were also recorded. Mixed mode observations were available only during summer (April-August 2011).Occupants were asked about their ‘right-now’ opinion of indoor environmental quality variables such as thermal and humidity sensation, air movement and comfort. The unanswered question in such a MM building is whether occupants in the NV zone have similar adaptive behaviour and thermal comfort opinions as those in purely NV buildings or are they possibly influenced by higher expectations created from the AC zone visits.Ī transverse (cross-sectional) study was conductedbetween April2011 to July 2013 in the hot and dry climate of Jaipur, India, including 2869 total survey responses, out of which 604 were from zoned type MM buildings. Occupants in the NV zone frequently visit the AC zone and are well aware of the conditions there. Zoned MM buildings are the most common, particularly in the developing world where only some areas in a building are air- conditioned (AC) based on programmatic requirements while the rest of it is naturally ventilated (NV). Mixed mode (MM) buildings open up a new arena for energy efficient design.